One in three people cannot afford to eat a healthy diet, according to a new UN report. The findings highlight the urgent need to address food affordability, as 2.69 billion people are unable to afford a diverse diet that meets their energy and nutrient needs, the report from five UN agencies revealed.

Global Hunger Declines, but Healthy Diet Costs Remain High

Global hunger declined for a third consecutive year in 2025, with 7.8% of people affected, down from 8.1% in 2024 — the report also noted signs that a prolonged upward trend in hunger in Africa was coming to a halt. However, the proportion of people who cannot afford a healthy diet remains “extremely high,” according to Maximo Torero, chief economist of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2026 report calculated that a healthy diet costs 4.28 purchasing power parity (PPP) dollars a day. This means that in any given country, a healthy diet costs the amount of local currency with the same buying power that $4.28 has in the US.

“The extreme poverty line is $3PPP per person,” Torero said. “So it’s significantly higher.” He noted that government policies have typically focused on subsidising cereals and starchy staples, rather than meat, dairy, fruit and vegetables. That means calories, but not a diversity of diet, he added.

Obesity and Diet-Related Diseases Rise

Figures from the World Health Organization show adult obesity rose from 12.1% in 2012 to 16.2% in 2024. Torero called for urgent action, noting that obesity is growing at a very steep level. “We need to now work intensively on trying to minimise those risks and those hidden costs that that substantial increase in obesity will bring,” he said.

He called for investment in infrastructure, research and development. Modelling in the report suggests more efficient supply chains could bring down the costs of meat and dairy as well as fruit and vegetables. New policies to encourage greater consumption of fruit and vegetables could also pay dividends, he suggested, reducing the economic impact of health issues linked to poor diets.

High Rates in Africa

In Africa, 66.6% of the population was unable to afford a healthy diet in 2025, more than double the levels observed in Asia or Latin America and the Caribbean. Africa is now home to the highest number of hungry people for the first time, with about 309 million, surpassing Asia’s 292 million, the report showed.

The rise is largely driven by higher population growth on the continent, Torero said, with the proportion of the population going hungry actually starting to decrease “for the first time in years.” “I think this is extremely important, because the numbers are for 2025, where already we have seen a significant reduction in overseas development assistance in the region,” he added.

Shipping restrictions in the strait of Hormuz linked to the conflict in the Middle East are likely to hit next year’s figures, he said. The report is authored by the FAO, WHO, Unicef, the UN World Food Programme and the International Fund for Agricultural Development.